Rust
Rust
You can use CedarDB with tokio-postgres, a popular PostgreSQL adapter for Rust.
Connecting
Connect to CedarDB like this:
let (client, connection) = tokio_postgres::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=<username> password=<password> dbname=<database>", NoTls).await?;
tokio::spawn(async move {
if let Err(e) = connection.await { eprintln!("connection error: {}", e); }
});This starts the connection to CedarDB in the Tokio asynchronous runtime, which executes all queries
via async functions.
You can execute a first query which should print “Hello CedarDB” like this:
let row = client.query_one("select 'Hello CedarDB!'", &[]).await?;
let test: &str = row.get(0);
println!("{}", test);Inserting Data
Let’s now use the database client to create a table storing chat messages:
client.execute("create table if not exists chatlog(userid integer, message text, ts timestamptz)", &[]).await?;Afterward, we can insert some data:
client.execute("insert into chatlog values ($1, $2, $3)", &[&7, &"(☞ﾟ∀ﾟ)☞", &chrono::Local::now()]).await?;ℹ️
Under the hood, the Rust values are converted from/to Postgres types via the
postgres_types crate.
This example converts the parameters
i32 to an integer, a &str to a text and a chrono::DateTime<Local> to a
timestamptz.Executing Queries
Let’s now query the data we just inserted:
let result = client.query("select ts, userid, message from chatlog", &[]).await?;
for row in result {
let (ts, usr, msg): (chrono::DateTime<chrono::Local>, i32, String) = (row.get(0), row.get(1), row.get(2));
println!("[{ts}]: User {usr} wrote message \"{msg}\"");
}[2024-06-06 11:00:41.536369 +02:00]: User 7 wrote message "(☞ﾟ∀ﾟ)☞"Bulk Loading
If you need to load a lot of data at once, you can use bulk loading instead of sending individual inserts.
You can use the copy_in binary format to fill a single table as follows:
let ts = chrono::Local::now();
let copy_sink = client.copy_in("copy chatlog (userid, message, ts) from stdin binary").await?;
let writer = BinaryCopyInWriter::new(copy_sink, &[Type::INT4, Type::TEXT, Type::TIMESTAMPTZ]);
let mut writer = pin!(writer);
let res = async {
for i in 1..1000 {
writer.as_mut().write(&[&i, &"Hello", &ts]).await?
};
Ok(())
};
res.await?;Pipelining
You can also use the async pipelining mode to efficiently execute many individual statements. In this mode, the client does not wait for a server response before the next query is sent.
let ts = chrono::Local::now();
let mut new_messages = vec![(1, "Hello, I'm user 1".to_string(), ts)];
for i in 2..1000 {
new_messages.push((i, "Hello, user 1".into(), ts.add(chrono::TimeDelta::seconds(i.into()))));
}
let insert = client.prepare("insert into chatlog values ($1, $2, $3)").await?;
{
let trans = client.transaction().await?;
let mut pipeline = Vec::new();
for (id, msg, ts) in &new_messages {
pipeline.push(async { trans.client().execute(&insert, &[id, msg, ts]).await });
}
future::try_join_all(pipeline).await?;
trans.commit().await?;
}This example starts an explicit transaction, and commits only once. This writes significantly faster to the database than executing the statements individually. However, you need to make sure that you explicitly commit the transaction, or otherwise all changes will be rolled back.
Source Code
Open to show the complete sample code
[package]
name = "cedar-example"
version = "0.0.1"
edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
tokio = { version = "1.38.0", features = ["full"] }
tokio-postgres = { version = "0.7.10", features = ["with-chrono-0_4"] }
chrono = "0.4.38"
futures-util = "0.3.30"// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT-0
use std::ops::Add;
use std::pin::pin;
use futures_util::future;
use tokio_postgres::{NoTls, Error};
use chrono;
use tokio_postgres::binary_copy::BinaryCopyInWriter;
use tokio_postgres::types::Type;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let (mut client, connection) = tokio_postgres::connect("host=127.0.0.1 user=<username> password=<password> dbname=<dbname>", NoTls).await?;
tokio::spawn(async move {
if let Err(e) = connection.await { eprintln!("connection error: {}", e); }
});
// First Query
let row = client.query_one("select 'Hello CedarDB!'", &[]).await?;
let test: &str = row.get(0);
println!("{}", test);
// Inserting Data
client.execute("create table if not exists chatlog(userid integer, message text, ts timestamptz)", &[]).await?;
client.execute("insert into chatlog values ($1, $2, $3)", &[&7, &"(☞ﾟ∀ﾟ)☞", &chrono::Local::now()]).await?;
// Executing queries
{
let result = client.query("select ts, userid, message from chatlog", &[]).await?;
for row in result {
let (ts, usr, msg): (chrono::DateTime<chrono::Local>, i32, String) = (row.get(0), row.get(1), row.get(2));
println!("[{ts}]: User {usr} wrote message \"{msg}\"");
}
}
// Bulk Loading
let ts = chrono::Local::now();
{
let copy_sink = client.copy_in("copy chatlog (userid, message, ts) from stdin binary").await?;
let writer = BinaryCopyInWriter::new(copy_sink, &[Type::INT4, Type::TEXT, Type::TIMESTAMPTZ]);
let mut writer = pin!(writer);
let res = async {
for i in 1..1000 {
writer.as_mut().write(&[&i, &"Hello", &ts]).await?
};
Ok(())
};
res.await?;
}
// Pipelining
let ts = chrono::Local::now();
let mut new_messages = vec![(1, "Hello, I'm user 1".to_string(), ts)];
for i in 2..1000 {
new_messages.push((i, "Hello, user 1".into(), ts.add(chrono::TimeDelta::seconds(i.into()))));
}
let insert = client.prepare("insert into chatlog values ($1, $2, $3)").await?;
{
let trans = client.transaction().await?;
let mut pipeline = Vec::new();
for (id, msg, ts) in &new_messages {
pipeline.push(async { trans.client().execute(&insert, &[id, msg, ts]).await });
}
future::try_join_all(pipeline).await?;
trans.commit().await?;
}
let row = client.query_one("select count(*) from chatlog", &[]).await?;
let num_messages: i64 = row.get(0);
println!("chatlog table has {num_messages} rows");
return Ok(());
}